Other Possibilities
Without carbon, life as we know it could not exist. That sentence includes what has become the great disclaimer: life as we know it. That presupposes that other forms of life, not based on carbon, might exist somewhere in the universe. Some have suggested that silicon, another element in great abundance, like carbon, can form some of the sort of complex molecular structures needed for life. But there are probably too many problems. McGrath lists several. Oligosilanes, silicon’s equivalent of hydrocarbons, decompose rapidly in the presence of oxygen. Silicon does not have carbon’s unique ability to create double and triple bonds, significant in any sort of biological system. The list goes on. For now, no one has figured out how life as we know it can be anything other than carbon-based. Of course, this doesn’t rule out the possibility that we have overlooked something. And it doesn’t rule out the possibility of carbon-based life somewhere else in the universe or rule out the possibility that in some other universe Elvis is alive and still singing.
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Biggest Carbon Dating Mistake
Twenty-One Scientists
Inappropriate Question
Without carbon there would be no life as we know
The Abundance of Carbon
Other Possibilities
Animalia, Plantae, Fungi, Protista, Archaea and Bacteria
The Making of Carbon 14
Carbon 14 Has a Mind of Its Own
As soon as a plant dies it stops taking on carbon
Antoine Henri Becquerel
Marie Curie
Geiger and Libby
Carbon Dating: The Idea
Accelerator Mass Spectrometry
What Rogers Discovered
Mixed Reaction to the Carbon Dating
Conspiracy Theory Erupted
Cardinal Ballestrero
Dmitri Kouznetsov
William Meacham on Kouznet
And indeed shroud researchers, who for awhile
The Manchester Museum
Naked Mummies
Mummy 1770
The Manchester Museum Mummy Project
Garza-Valdes and the Mayan Jade Artifact
The Ibis Mummy
Conflicting Results
U.S. News & World Report
Garza-Valdes and the Scanning Electron Microscope
No Bioplastic
M. Sue Benford and Joe Marino
Rogers was Skeptical
Ray Rogers and Anna Arnoldi in 2002
Evidence of Dying
Several years earlier,
Lignin and Vanillin
Vanillin Analysis Significant
Rogers Exercises Caution
John L. Brown
Lloyd A. Currie
William Meacham
Ultraviolet and X-ray
Red Flags Ignored
Facts vs Explanations
Mechthild Flury-Lemberg a Holdout
Without a Trace: French Reweaving
Robert Villarreal from the Los Alamos National Laboratory
Chemistry Today Article
Tartar Relation
McCrone and the Vinland Map
Myths about the Vinland Map Persist
Trusting Carbon Dating
Inexplicable Results in Carbon Dating
William Meacham Summarizes