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Inappropriate Question

It might be tempting to say that the subject is about a religious relic and thus discussion is inappropriate for the science classroom of a secular institution. But that is the wrong answer. This is a religious relic, but it is also an archeological artifact, one that has been rigorously studied scientifically. This happened in 1978 when several scientists examined it in Turin. This happened when the radiocarbon tests were conducted in 1988. This happened, also, when in 2004, a U.S. government publication revisited the tests.  And in 2005, another secular, peer-reviewed scientific journal, Thermochimica Acta, published a paper that severely challenged the results of the 1988 radiocarbon dating. It didn’t stop there. Los Alamos National Laboratory chemist, Robert Villarreal recently reported that a nine member team of scientists chemically characterized threads from the carbon dating region of the cloth with some of the most advanced equipment available in that lab. And in August of 2008, the science journal, Chemistry Today, published a twelve page article on the shroud’s carbon dating. It is the wrong answer simply because the matter of the radiocarbon dating has nothing to do with religion.

It is the wrong answer because it denies the student a chance to take a critical look at the methods, procedures and data; from there to learn from the experience. Here is a chance to understand what can go wrong in radiocarbon dating and other scientific endeavors. Here is a chance to see how scientific conclusions are continuously being challenged by new information. And here is a stimulating case study for students to learn about radiocarbon dating and indeed more about our world and universe.

 

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Biggest Carbon Dating Mistake
Twenty-One Scientists
Inappropriate Question
Without carbon there would be no life as we know
The Abundance of Carbon
Other Possibilities
Animalia, Plantae, Fungi, Protista, Archaea and Bacteria
The Making of Carbon 14
Carbon 14 Has a Mind of Its Own
As soon as a plant dies it stops taking on carbon
Antoine Henri Becquerel
Marie Curie
Geiger and Libby
Carbon Dating: The Idea
Accelerator Mass Spectrometry
What Rogers Discovered
Mixed Reaction to the Carbon Dating
Conspiracy Theory Erupted
Cardinal Ballestrero
Dmitri Kouznetsov
William Meacham on Kouznet
And indeed shroud researchers, who for awhile
The Manchester Museum
Naked Mummies
Mummy 1770
The Manchester Museum Mummy Project
Garza-Valdes and the Mayan Jade Artifact
The Ibis Mummy
Conflicting Results
 U.S. News & World Report
Garza-Valdes and the Scanning Electron Microscope
No Bioplastic
M. Sue Benford and Joe Marino
Rogers was Skeptical
Ray Rogers and Anna Arnoldi in 2002
Evidence of Dying
Several years earlier,
Lignin and Vanillin
Vanillin Analysis Significant
Rogers Exercises Caution
John L. Brown
Lloyd A. Currie
William Meacham
Ultraviolet and X-ray
Red Flags Ignored
Facts vs Explanations
Mechthild Flury-Lemberg a Holdout
Without a Trace: French Reweaving
Robert Villarreal from the Los Alamos National Laboratory
Chemistry Today Article
Tartar Relation
McCrone and the Vinland Map
Myths about the Vinland Map Persist
Trusting Carbon Dating
Inexplicable Results in Carbon Dating
William Meacham Summarizes